Taspin: alkaloid dračí krve
Datum: Pondělí, 16.04. 2018 - 13:57:03
Téma: prof Patočka


Taspin: alkaloid dračí krve

Jiří Patočka

     Taspin je alkaloid, poprvé nalezený v latexu stromu Croton lechleri (Perdue et al., 1979). Tuto tmavě červenou a krvi podobnou tekutinu, známou jako dračí krev (Sangre de Drago), používají Indiáni v Peru i v jiných částech jižní Ameriky jako univerzální medicínu na všechny možné neduhy, zejména však na urychlení hojení povrchových ran (Vaisberg et al., 1989). Japonští autoři prokázali, že taspin je silné cytostatikum (Itokawa et al., 1991) a další výzkumy jednoznačně prokázaly, že taspin je hlavní účinnou látkou, která se podílí na urychleném hojení ran ošetřených dračí krví (Porras-Reyes et al., 1993; Pieters et al., 1995).



     I když taspin zřejmě není jedinou komponentou dračí krve (Murillo et al., 2001; Milanowski et al., 2002), která urychluje proces hojení, tyto výsledky povzbudily zájem výzkumníků  o tento alkaloid (Risco et al., 2003) a vliv taspinu na proces hojení začal být intenzivně studován (Dong et al., 2005a,b). Současně začaly být studovány i další farmakologické účinky taspinu, např. jeho protinádorový účinek (Zhang et al., 2007, 2008a,b, 2011a; Zhao et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2012) a byly též vypracovány metody jeho syntézy a syntézy jeho derivátů (Zhang et al., 2010a,b), z nichž některé se ukázaly být nadějnější než samotný taspin (Zhang et al., 2011b; He et al., 2012). Na příklad Tas-D1 (Zhang et al., 2011c), HMQ1611 (Zhan et al., 2012, 2014; Lu et al., 2012), Ta1722 (Zheng et al., 2012), 12k (Dai et al., 2015, 2017) nebo TAS9 (Liu et al., 2015).
     Zajímavý, i když zatím ojedinělý nález učinili Rollinger et al. (2006b), když objevili taspin (spolu s alkaloidem asimilobinem) v magnólii (Magnolia x soulangiana, šácholán Soulangeův) a prokázali, že je silným a specifickým inhibitorem acetylcholinesterasy, přičemž inhibuje tento enzym mechanismem odlišným od galanthaminu (Rollinger et al., 2006b).
Literatura
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